Indlela yokwenza i-oxidation yamachiza yindlela yendabuko yokulungiselela i-graphite eyandisiweyo. Kule ndlela, i-flake yendalo igrafayithi ixutywe kunye ne-arhente efanelekileyo ye-oxidant kunye ne-intercalating, elawulwa kubushushu obuthile, ivuseleleke rhoqo, ihlanjwe, ihluzwe kwaye yomiswe ukufumana i-graphite eyandisiweyo. Indlela yokwenza i-oxidation yemichiza sele iyindlela eqolileyo kushishino kunye nezibonelelo zezixhobo ezilula, ukusebenza ngokukuko kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
Inkqubo yokunyanga i-oxidation yamakhemikhali ibandakanya i-oxidation kunye ne-intercalation. ubushushu bunokuzinza okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana ne-asidi kunye nealkali, ngoko ke ayisebenzi xa kusenziwa iasidi kunye nealkali, ke ngoko, ukongezwa kweoksijini sele kuyinto eyimfuneko kwicandelo leoksijini.
Zininzi iintlobo zeeoksidiyeli, ii-oxidants ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi zizidibanisi (ezifana ne-potassium permanganate, i-potassium dichromate, i-chromium trioxide, i-potassium chlorate, njl.njl. ). Kufunyenwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukuba i-potassium permanganate yeyona nto iphambili isetyenzisiweyo ukulungiselela igrafite eyandisiweyo.
Ngaphantsi kwesenzo se-oxidizer, i-graphite i-oxidized kwaye i-macromolecule yenethiwekhi engathathi hlangothi kumaleko egrafu iba zii-macromolecule zesicwangciso kunye nentlawulo elungileyo. Ngenxa yempembelelo ecekisekayo yentlawulo efanayo elungileyo, umgama phakathi kweengcamba zegraphite uyanda, obonelela ngejelo kunye nendawo yokungenisa ngaphakathi kungena lomaleko wegraphite ngokutyibilikayo. Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela i-graphite eyandisiweyo, i-arhente ehlukanisayo ikakhulu i-asidi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaphandi ikakhulu basebenzise i-acid ye-sulfuric, i-nitric acid, i-phosphoric acid, i-perchloric acid, i-asidi edibeneyo kunye ne-acetic acid.
Indlela ye-Electrochemical ikwisimo esiqhubekayo, nesisombululo samanzi sokufakwa njenge-electrolyte, igrafayithi kunye nezinto zentsimbi (izinto ezingenasici ezingenanto, iplatinam ipleyiti, ipleyiti ekhokelayo, isitya setitanium, njl. Njl.) Zenza i-anode edityanisiweyo, i-electrolyte njenge-cathode, yenza iluphu evaliweyo; Okanye i-graphite enqunyanyisiweyo kwi-electrolyte, kwi-electrolyte kwangaxeshanye ifakwe kwisitya esingalunganga nesilungileyo, ngokusebenzisa ii-electrode ezimbini yindlela eyenziweyo, i-anodic oxidation. Umphezulu wegraphite unokongezwa kwi-carbocation. Kwangelo xesha, phantsi kwesenzo esidityanisiweyo somtsalane wombane kunye nokwahluka koxinaniso, ion ion okanye ezinye ii-polal intercalant ions ezifakwe phakathi kwemigangatho yegraphite ukwenza i-graphite eyandisiweyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokwenza i-oxidation yamachiza, indlela yokwenza i-electrochemical yokulungiselela i-graphite eyandisiweyo kuyo yonke inkqubo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-oxidant, inani lonyango likhulu, inani eliyintsalela yezinto ezinobungozi lincinci, i-electrolyte inokuphinda isetyenziswe emva kokuphendula, Inani leasidi liyancitshiswa, iindleko zigcinwa, ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo luyancitshiswa, umonakalo kwizixhobo usezantsi, kwaye ubomi benkonzo buyandiswa.Yiminyaka yakutshanje, indlela ye-electrochemical iye ngokuthe ngcembe yaba yindlela ekhethwayo yokulungiselela i-graphite eyandisiweyo ngu Amashishini amaninzi anezibonelelo ezininzi.
Indlela yokusasazeka kwegesi kukuvelisa i-graphite ngokuqhagamshelana ne-intercalator kunye ne-graphite kwifom yegesi kunye nokuphendula ngokuthe ngqo. Itywinwe kaninzi isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-halide -EG kunye nesinyithi sealkali -EG kumzi mveliso.
Izinto eziluncedo: ulwakhiwo kunye nocwangco lwe-reactor lunokulawulwa, kwaye izinto ezisebenzayo kunye neemveliso zinokwahlulwa ngokulula.
Ukungancedi: isixhobo sokuphendula sintsonkothe ngakumbi, ukusebenza kunzima kakhulu, ngenxa yoko imveliso inqongophele, kwaye impendulo iya kwenziwa phantsi kweemeko zokushisa okuphezulu, ixesha lide, kwaye iimeko zokuphendula ziphezulu kakhulu, imeko yokulungiselela kufuneka ube nomshini, ngoko ke iindleko zokuvelisa ziphezulu kakhulu, azilungelanga izicelo zemveliso enkulu.
Inkqubo yesigaba sokudibanisa ulwelo kukuxuba ngokuthe ngqo izinto ezifakiweyo kunye negraphite, phantsi kokhuseleko lokuhamba kwegesi engenayo okanye inkqubo yokutywina yokufudumeza impendulo ukulungiselela i-graphite eyandisiweyo. Iqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukudityaniswa kwealkali zensimbi-grafayithi iikhompawundi eziphakathi (i-GICs).
Izinto eziluncedo: Inkqubo yokusabela ilula, isantya sokuphendula siyakhawuleza, ngokutshintsha umlinganiselo wezinto zokwenza grafayithi kunye nokufakwa kunokufikelela kwisakhiwo esithile kunye nokwakhiwa kwegraphite eyandisiweyo, efanelekileyo ngakumbi kwimveliso yobuninzi.
Iingxaki: Imveliso eyenziweyo ayizinzanga, kunzima ukujongana nezinto ezifakwe simahla eziqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu we-GICs, kwaye kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukungqinelana kweekhompawundi ze-interlamellar compounds xa inani elikhulu lokudityaniswa.
Le ndlela yokunyibilika kukuxuba igrafayithi kunye nezinto ezihambelanayo kunye nobushushu ukulungiselela i-graphite eyandisiweyo esekwe kwinto yokuba izinto ze-eutectic zinokuhlisa indawo yokunyibilika yenkqubo (ngezantsi kwendawo yokunyibilika yecandelo ngalinye), yindlela yokulungiselela i-ternary okanye i-multicomponent GICs ngokufaka izinto ezimbini okanye ezingaphezulu (ekufuneka zikwazi ukwenza inkqubo yetyuwa etyhidiweyo) phakathi kweengqimba zegraphite ngaxeshanye Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulungiselelo lwee-chloride zentsimbi- ii-GICs.
Izinto eziluncedo: Imveliso eyindibaniselanayo izinzile, kulula ukuhlamba, isixhobo esilula sokuphendula, ubushushu obuphantsi, ixesha elifutshane, lilungele imveliso enkulu.
Ukungancedi: kunzima ukulawula ubume beodolo kunye nokwenziwa kwemveliso kwinkqubo yokuphendula, kwaye kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukungqinelana kwesakhiwo soku-odola kunye nokwenziwa kwemveliso kubuninzi bento.
Inkqubo yoxinzelelo kukudibanisa i-matrix ye-graphite kunye ne-alkaline yomhlaba yentsimbi kunye ne-powder yensimbi enqabileyo yomhlaba kunye nokuphendula ukuvelisa i-M-GICS phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo.
Ukungancedi: Kuphela kuxa uxinzelelo lomphunga lwesinyithi lungaphaya komqobo othile, impendulo yokufaka inokwenziwa; Nangona kunjalo, iqondo lobushushu liphezulu kakhulu, kulula ukwenza isinyithi kunye negraphite ukuba yenze iicarbides, ukusabela okungalunganga, ngoko ke ubushushu bokusabela kufuneka bulawulwe kuluhlu oluthile. Le ndlela ilungele ukulungiswa kwesinyithi-GICS enendawo ephantsi yokunyibilika, kodwa isixhobo sinzima kwaye iimfuno zomsebenzi zingqongqo, ngenxa yoko kunqabile ukuba zisetyenziswe ngoku.
Indlela yokuqhushumisa isebenzisa i-graphite kunye ne-arhente yokwandisa efana ne-KClO4, Mg (ClO4) 2 · nH2O, Zn (NO3) 2 · nH2O pyropyros okanye imixube elungisiweyo, xa kushushu, i-graphite iya kuthi ngaxeshanye i-oxidation kunye ne-intercalation reaction cambium compound, leyo ke Yandiswe ngendlela "yokuqhushumba", yiyo loo nto kusenziwa igrafite.Xa ityuwa yesinyithi isetyenziswa njengearhente yokwandisa, imveliso iyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi, engagcini nje ngokwandisa igrafayithi, kodwa nesinyithi.
