Umonakalo wemitha yomgubo wegraphite unesiphumo esiqinisekileyo ekusebenzeni kobugcisa kunye noqoqosho lwereactor, ngakumbi ibhedi yengqalutye yobushushu obuphezulu begesi epholileyo. Indlela yokumodareyitha i-neutron kukuchithwa kwe-elastiki ye-neutron kunye ne-athomu yezinto ezimodareyithayo, kwaye amandla aphethwe ngabo adluliselwa kwii-athomu zezinto zokumodareyitha. Igraphite powder ikwangumgqatswa othembisayo wezinto ezijolise kwiplasma kwireactors zenyukliya. Aba bahleli balandelayo abavela kuFu Ruite bazisa ukusetyenziswa komgubo wegraphite kuvavanyo lwenyukliya:
Ngokunyuka kwe-neutron fluence, i-graphite powder iyancipha kuqala, kwaye emva kokufikelela kwixabiso elincinci, i-shrinkage iyancipha, ibuyele kubukhulu bokuqala, kwaye yandisa ngokukhawuleza. Ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokukuko iineutron ezikhutshwe yi-fission, kufuneka zithotywe isantya. Iimpawu ze-thermal ze-graphite powder zifunyenwe ngovavanyo lwe-irradiation, kwaye iimeko zokuvavanya i-irradiation kufuneka zifanane neemeko zokusebenza zangempela ze-reactor. Omnye umlinganiselo wokuphucula ukusetyenziswa kwe-neutron kukusebenzisa imathiriyeli ekhanyayo ukubonisa iineutron ezivuzayo kwi-reactivity ye-nutron reaction zone-core back. Indlela yokubonakalisa i-neutron kwakhona kukuchithwa kwe-elastiki ye-neutron kunye nee-athomu zezinto ezibonisayo. Ukuze kulawulwe ukulahleka okubangelwa ukungcola kwinqanaba elivumelekileyo, i-graphite powder esetyenziswe kwi-reactor kufuneka ibe yinyukliya ecocekileyo.
I-Nuclear graphite powder lisebe lemathiriyeli yomgubo wegraphite ephuhliswe ekuphenduleni iimfuno zokwakha izixhobo zenyukliya ze-fission reactors ekuqaleni kwe-1940s. Isetyenziswa njengemodareyitha, imbonakalo kunye nezixhobo zesakhiwo kwii-reactors zemveliso, i-gas-cooled reactors kunye ne-high-temperature-cooled gas reactors. Amathuba okuba i-neutron iphendule kunye ne-nucleus ibizwa ngokuba yi-cross section, kunye ne-thermal neutron (i-avareji yamandla e-0.025eV) i-fission cross section ye-U-235 ngamabakala amabini aphezulu kune-neutron ye-fission (i-avareji yamandla e-2eV) i-fission cross section. . I-elastic modulus, amandla kunye ne-linear yokwandisa i-coefficient ye-graphite powder yanda ngokunyuka kwe-neutron fluence, ifikelele kwixabiso elikhulu, kwaye iyancipha ngokukhawuleza. Ekuqaleni kwee-1940, kuphela umgubo wegraphite wawufumaneka ngexabiso elifikelelekayo kufutshane nolu coceko, yiyo loo nto yonke i-reactor kunye ne-rectors yemveliso elandelayo yasebenzisa umgubo wegraphite njengento emodareyithayo, ingenisa ixesha lenyukliya.
Isitshixo sokwenza i-isotropic graphite powder kukusebenzisa i-coke particles nge-isotropy elungileyo: i-isotropic coke okanye i-macro-isotropic coke yesibini eyenziwe kwi-coke ye-anisotropic, kunye ne-teknoloji ye-coke yesibini ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa ngoku. Ubungakanani bomonakalo wemitha bunxulumene nezinto ezikrwada zomgubo wegraphite, inkqubo yokuvelisa, ukuqhambuka kweneutron ngokukhawuleza kunye nesantya sokukhanya, ubushushu bokukhanya kunye nezinye izinto. I-boron elingana ne-nuclear graphite powder iyadingeka ukuba ibe malunga ne-10 ~ 6.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-18-2022