I-Flake graphite sisimbiwa esinqabileyo esingahlaziyekiyo, esisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwangoku kwaye sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sobutyebi. IManyano yaseYurophu idwelise igraphene, imveliso egqityiweyo yokusetyenzwa kwegraphite, njengeprojekthi entsha yobuchwepheshe beflegi kwixesha elizayo, yaze yadwelisa igraphite njengenye yeentlobo ezili-14 zemithombo yezimbiwa ezinqabileyo “zobomi nokufa”. I-United States idwelisa izixhobo ze-flake zegraphite njengezona zinto zibalulekileyo zeminerali ekrwada kumashishini obuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Oovimba begraphite baseTshayina benza ama-70% ehlabathi, kwaye ngowona vimba mkhulu wegraphite nothumela ngaphandle elizweni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iingxaki ezininzi kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ezifana nenkunkuma yasemigodini, izinga eliphantsi lokusetyenziswa kwemithombo kunye nomonakalo omkhulu wokusingqongileyo. Ukunqongophala kobutyebi kunye neendleko zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo azibonisi xabiso lokwenyani. Ezi ngxaki zilandelayo zokwabelana zabahleli begraphite beFuruite zibonakaliswa ikakhulu kule miba ilandelayo:
Okokuqala, irhafu yezibonelelo kufuneka ilungiswe ngokukhawuleza. Ixabiso lerhafu ephantsi: Irhafu yemithombo yegraphite yaseTshayina yi-3 yuan ngetoni nganye, ilula kakhulu kwaye ayibonisi ukunqongophala kwemithombo kunye neendleko zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nomhlaba onqabileyo kunye nokunqongophala kwamaminerali afanayo kunye nokubaluleka, emva kohlaziyo lwerhafu yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, kungekhona nje izinto zerhafu ezidweliswe ngokwahlukileyo, kodwa irhafu yerhafu iphakanyiswa ngamaxesha angaphezu kwe-10. Xa sithelekisa, izinga lerhafu yesixhobo se-flake graphite liphantsi. Irhafu yerhafu enye: imimiselo yexeshana ekhoyo ngoku yerhafu yezibonelelo inexabiso lerhafu enye ye-graphite ore, engahlulwanga ngokwebakala lomgangatho kunye nohlobo lwegraphite, kwaye ayikwazi ukubonisa umsebenzi werhafu yezibonelelo ekulawuleni ingeniso eyahlulayo. Akunasayensi ukubala ngomthamo wokuthengisa: kubalwa ngomthamo wokuthengisa, kungekhona ngenani langempela lamaminerali ambiweyo, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela imbuyekezo yomonakalo wokusingqongileyo, uphuhliso olunengqiqo lwezibonelelo, iindleko zophuhliso kunye nokuphelelwa kwezibonelelo.
Okwesibini, ukuthumela ngaphandle kukungxama kakhulu. I-China lelona lizwe livelisa i-natural flake graphite kwaye ibisoloko ilelona lizwe lithumela ngaphandle iimveliso zendalo zegraphite. Ngokwahlukileyo kuxhaphazo olugqithisileyo lwaseTshayina lwemithombo yegrafiyithi yeflake, amazwe aphuhlileyo, ahamba phambili kubuchwephesha beemveliso ezinzulu zegraphite, aphumeza iqhinga “lokuthenga endaweni yokwembiwa kwemigodi” yegraphite yendalo kwaye avale ubuchwephesha. Njengeyona marike inkulu yegraphite e-China, ukuthengwa kwe-Japan kumazwe angaphandle kubalelwa kwi-32.6% yetotali yemveliso yase-China ethunyelwa ngaphandle, kwaye inxalenye ye-graphite ore engenisiweyo izika ezantsi kolwandle; Kwelinye icala, uMzantsi Korea, uvale imigodi yawo yegraphite waza wathumela ngaphandle inani elikhulu leemveliso ngamaxabiso aphantsi; Umthamo wonyaka wokungenisa elizweni wase-United States ubalelwa kwi-10.5% yomthamo we-China uwonke wokuthumela ngaphandle, kwaye imithombo yayo yegraphite ikhuselwe ngumthetho.
Okwesithathu, inkqubo ibanzi kakhulu. Iimpawu zegraphite zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nobukhulu bezikali zayo. Ubungakanani obahlukeneyo begraphite yeflake inosetyenziso olwahlukileyo, iindlela zokusetyenzwa kunye nemimandla yesicelo. Okwangoku, kukho ukungabikho kophando kwitekhnoloji ye-graphite ore eneempawu ezahlukeneyo e-China, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwemithombo ye-graphite enezikali ezahlukeneyo akuzange kuqinisekiswe, kwaye akukho ndlela ihambelanayo yokucubungula. Izinga lokubuyisela i-graphite beneficiation liphantsi, kwaye isivuno se-flake graphite enkulu siphantsi. Iimpawu zemithombo azicacanga, kwaye indlela yokucubungula ayinye. Ngenxa yoko, i-graphite enkulu yeflake ayinakukhuselwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye i-graphite encinci yeflake ayinakusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokusetyenzwa, okukhokelela kwinkcitho enkulu yezibonelelo zeqhinga ezixabisekileyo.
Okwesine, umahluko wexabiso phakathi kokungenisa kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle uyamangalisa. Uninzi lwemveliso yendalo yeflake yegraphite eveliswe eTshayina zezona mveliso zisetyenzwayo, kwaye uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweemveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu ngokucacileyo ziyasilela. Thatha i-graphite yobunyulu obuphezulu njengomzekelo, amazwe angaphandle akhokela kwigraphite ecocekileyo kunye neenzuzo zabo zobuchwepheshe, kwaye avale ilizwe lethu kwiimveliso eziphezulu ze-graphite. Okwangoku, ubuchwephesha obuphezulu begraphite baseTshayina abunakufikelelwa kubunyulu be-99.95%, kwaye ukucoceka kwe-99.99% okanye ngaphezulu kunokuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo ekuthengisweni ngaphandle. Ngo-2011, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-graphite yendalo e-China yayimalunga ne-4,000 yuan / toni, ngelixa ixabiso elingaphezu kwe-99.99% elingeniswe kwi-graphite ecocekileyo lidlula i-200,000 yuan / toni, kwaye umahluko wexabiso wawumangalisa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-27-2023