Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ingqwalasela eninzi ihlawulwe kwigraphene ephezulu. Kodwa yintoni igraphene? Kaloku, khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wento yomelele ngokuphindwe kangangama-200 kunentsimbi, kodwa ikhaphukhaphu izihlandlo ezili-1000 kunephepha.
Ngo-2004, izazinzulu ezimbini zeYunivesithi yaseManchester, uAndrei Geim noKonstantin Novoselov, "badlala" ngegraphite. Ewe, into efanayo ufumana kwincam yepensile. Babenomdla malunga nempahla kwaye bafuna ukwazi ukuba inokususwa kwinqanaba elinye. Ngoko ke bafumana isixhobo esingaqhelekanga: iteyiphu yokudibanisa.
"Ubeka [iteyiphu] phezu kwegraphite okanye i-mica kwaye emva koko ukhuphe umaleko ophezulu," uHeim wachazela i-BBC. Iiflake zegraphite zibhabha zisuka kwiteyiphu. Emva koko phinda i-tape kwisiqingatha kwaye unamathele kwiphepha eliphezulu, uze uwahlule kwakhona. Emva koko uphinda le nkqubo 10 okanye 20 amaxesha.
Ngalo lonke ixesha iiflakes ziqhekeka zibe ziiflakes ezincinci nezincinci. Ekugqibeleni, ama-flakes amancinci kakhulu ahlala ebhantini. Uyayinyibilikisa iteyiphu kwaye yonke into iyanyibilika.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, indlela yeteyiphu yenza izinto ezimangalisayo. Olu lingelo lunika umdla lukhokelele ekubhaqweni kweeflakes ezinomaleko omnye wegraphene.
Ngo-2010, uHeim noNovoselov bafumana iBhaso leNobel kwiFiziksi ngokufumanisa kwabo igraphene, izinto ezenziwe ngeeathom zekhabhoni ezicwangciswe kwilathisi enehexagonal, efana nocingo lwenkukhu.
Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba igraphene iyamangalisa kukwakheka kwayo. Umaleko omnye wegraphene ecocekileyo ubonakala njengomaleko weeathom zekhabhoni ezicwangciswe kwisakhiwo selathisi esinehexagonal. Esi sakhiwo sekhekheba lobusi silinganisa ngeatom sinika igraphene amandla ayo amangalisayo.
IGraphene ikwayinkanyezi yombane. Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, iqhuba umbane ngcono kunayo nayiphi na enye into.
Khumbula ezoathom zekhabhoni sixoxe ngazo? Ewe, ngamnye une-electron eyongezelelweyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-electron pi. Le electron ihamba ngokukhululekileyo, ivumela ukuba iqhube ukuqhuba ngokusebenzisa iileya ezininzi zegraphene ngokuxhathisa okuncinci.
Uphando lwakutsha nje kwigraphene kwiMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) lufumene into ephantse ibe ngumlingo: xa uthe kancinane (i-1.1 degrees nje) ujikelezisa amaleko amabini egraphene ngaphandle kokulungelelaniswa, igraphene iba yi-superconductor.
Oku kuthetha ukuba inokuqhuba umbane ngaphandle kokuxhathisa okanye ubushushu, ivule amathuba anomdla kwikamva eliphezulu lobushushu begumbi.
Olona setyenziso lulindelweyo lwegraphene kwiibhetri. Ngombulelo kwi-conductivity yayo ephezulu, sinokuvelisa iibhetri zegraphene ezihlawulisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kuneebhetri ze-lithium-ion zanamhlanje.
Ezinye iinkampani ezinkulu ezinje ngeSamsung kunye neHuawei sele zithathe le ndlela, zijonge ukwazisa le nkqubela phambili kwizixhobo zethu zemihla ngemihla.
"Ngo-2024, silindele ukuba uluhlu lweemveliso zegraphene zibe kwimarike," kusho u-Andrea Ferrari, umlawuli weCambridge Graphene Centre kunye nomphandi kwi-Graphene Flagship, inyathelo eliqhutywa yi-European Graphene. Inkampani ityala i-euro eyibhiliyoni kwiiprojekthi ezidibeneyo. iiprojekthi. Umanyano lukhawulezisa uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yegraphene.
Amaqabane ophando eFlagship sele enza iibhetri zegraphene ezibonelela nge-20% umthamo ongaphezulu kunye ne-15% yamandla ngaphezulu kuneyona bhetri ibalaseleyo yanamhlanje. Amanye amaqela aye enza iiseli zelanga ezisekelwe kwigraphene ezisebenza kakuhle ngama-20 ekhulwini ekuguquleni ukukhanya kwelanga kube ngumbane.
Ngelixa kukho iimveliso zangaphambili ezisebenzise amandla egraphene, njengezixhobo zemidlalo yeNtloko, eyona ilungileyo iseza. Njengoko uFerrari waphawulayo: “Sithetha ngegraphene, kodwa eneneni sithetha ngenani elikhulu lokhetho olufundisiswayo. Izinto zihamba ngendlela.”
Eli nqaku lihlaziywe kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji yobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, ijongiwe, yaza yahlelwa ngabahleli beHowStuffWorks.
Umenzi wezixhobo zezemidlalo INtloko isebenzise le nto emangalisayo. Irakhi yabo yentenetya ye-Graphene XT ibango lokuba i-20% ikhaphukhaphu kubunzima obufanayo. Obu bubuchwephesha benguqu ngokwenene!
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Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-21-2023